Modeling and simulation of petroleum coke calcination in rotary kilns
Although the traditional vertical shaft kilns are still commonly employed in China [4], the rotary kiln has become widely adopted for the calcination process, due to its high level of automation ...
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Introduction of a Vertical Shaft Kiln Coke at Ma'aden …
Abstract. Due to the floating nature of calcined petroleum coke (CPC) in the marketplace globally in terms of supply and quality, it is always discussed to introduce vertical shaft kiln (VSK) CPC for anode manufacturing and to perform several studies based on trials to apprehend the anode quality as an impact to outline the finest or optimum ...
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The History and Future Challenges of Calcined Petroleum …
Early calcining of petroleum coke used both electric and gas fired vertical calciners,2 the latter being a likely predecessor of the shaft calcining technology still used today in some parts of Russia and extensively in China. Electric calciners were used first, followed by the gas-fired …
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CB01
which calcinations can be managed with shaft technology, as against the poor bulk densities which result from such GPCs if calcined in a rotary kiln. The long resident time of coke with shaft technology enables a higher degree of calcination i.e. higher real density for a correspondingly significant lower calcining temperature than in rotary kilns.
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Rain Carbon Inc
Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is created from green petroleum coke (GPC), a by-product of refining crude oil. While CPC can be created using a number of processes -- including rotary kiln, hearth and vertical shaft technologies -- the high-temperature conversion from green coke to calcined coke alters the material in key three ways:
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NEW GENERATION OF VERTICAL SHAFT CALCINER …
Rotary kiln calciners are widely used for CPC production in the world, while the vertical shaft calciners are used in most Chinese CPC plants. Vertical calciners are stationary calcining furnaces. The technical and economical comparisons between the rotary calcining and the old vertical shaft calcining technologies are illustrated in the Table 1.
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Development Status and Suggestions of Refractory Materials …
The calcination equipment for petroleum coke or needle coke calcination is usually rotary kiln and vertical shaft kiln . Increasing the service life of refractories in calcination facility is the key to increase the utilization rate of calcination equipment, to reduce maintenance cost and even to improve the calcination quality, especially when …
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Modeling and simulation of petroleum coke calcination in rotary kilns
This process is carried out in a calcining rotary kiln. A typical kiln for petroleum coke is about 60 m long with a diameter of 2.5 m. The kiln is tilted by an angle of about 2–5° and rotates at speeds of 2–4 rpm. Air (primary and secondary) for combustion is injected through the burner at the solids discharge end of the kiln.
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A Real-Time Mathematical Model for the Two
A real-time mathematical model for the two-dimensional temperature field of petroleum coke calcination in vertical shaft calciner was developed based on computational fluid dynamics. In the modeling process, the petroleum coke discharging process was described by the solid viscous flow, the dynamic heat flux boundary …
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Quality and Process Performance of Rotary Kilns and Shaft …
Abstract. Rotary kilns have been used successfully for many years to produce calcined coke for the aluminium industry and they offer a high level of automation, performance …
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Rotary Hearth Calcining of Petroleum Cokes | SpringerLink
While shaft furnaces and rotary kiln furnaces have been utilized for calcining of pet cokes and coals for a longer period, rotary hearth furnaces have been used for over 50 years, yet are still often overlooked when selecting a new coke calcining furnace. ... For coke calcining the heated gases that flow counter to the coke are in …
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CB01
2.1. Rotary kiln technology. Uses a rotating horizontal cylinder of steel lined with refractory bricks of high alumina content on the inside. The diameter of rotary kilns is typically …
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Modeling and simulation of petroleum coke calcination in rotary kilns
Rate-based Simulation of Coke Calcination in Rotary Kilns. It is found that the rate-based simulation can be implemented as a useful tool to predict the operating conditions needed to control the content of undesirable impurities in the calcined petroleum coke, namely, sulfur, volatile matter and moisture contents.
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Vertical Shaft Kilns & Why They Are Diminishing
The vertical shaft kiln, or vertical kiln, is a type of calcination equipment used in lime or cement production. It can complete the comprehensive mechanized operation of feeding, calcining, crushing, and discharging. The vertical shaft kiln is the earliest invented cement kiln and was widely used in cement plants around the world before the ...
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Calcined Kiln Analysis and Proximate Simulation of High …
Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) is produced from calcined coke technology by heating coke to a high temperature of 550-1,150 °C using a rotary kiln or vertical shaft kiln. The calcination process mostly determines the characteristic quality of the petroleum coke produced. This study will compare the advantages of product characteristics ...
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Vertical Shaft Kilns in Optimizing Lime Calcination
Vertical Shaft Kiln Design and Components. At the core of lime calcination lies the vertical shaft kiln, a meticulously designed apparatus comprising a vertical shaft, refractory lining, feed system, burner system, and discharge system. Each component plays a vital role in ensuring a controlled and efficient transformation of limestone into ...
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Calcined Kiln Analysis and Proximate Simulation of High-Quality Coke
The remaining coke is known as densification (shrinkage of coke construction). These reactions are incorporated in the Calcined Coke Zone, which degrades from 1000 to 1400 °C at the end of the kiln. [19]. 2.2.3 Vertical Shaft Kiln Technology The vertical shaft kiln used the principle of gravity.
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[PDF] Production and Application of Calcined Coke In Rotary Kilns …
Calcined coke is the best material for making carbon anodes for smelting of alumina to aluminum. Petroleum coke is usually calcined in a gas-fired rotary kiln or rotary hearth at high temperatures, around 1200 to 1450 °C, to remove moisture, drive off volatile matters, increase the density of the coke, increase physical strength, and electrical conductivity …
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EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXERGOECONOMIC …
numerical model, i.e. HYSYS, to simulate the petroleum coke calcination based on industrial data, and found the relationship between the real density of CPC and the calcination tempera-ture. Morever, based on the First law of thermodynamics, Filkoski et al. [11] were devoted to the research of flue gas waste heat recovery from shaft kiln.
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process in a vertical shaft kiln Dolomite
Schematic presentation of vertical 3202 kJ of heat input to produce one kg of shaft kiln and cross-section of a vertical shaft sintered dolomite (CaO∙MgO). When heated, kiln. (a) Preheating zone ...
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EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXERGOECONOMIC …
Although the traditional rotary kilns are still commonly employed in China [4, 5], the vertical shaft furnace (VSF) has become widely adopted for the calcina-tion process, due to its …
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Research on Premixed Stable Combustion Process of …
1. Sun Yi, Xu Haifei, Wang Yubin, The comparison between vertical shaft furnace and rotary kiln for petroleum coke calcination, Light Metals, 2011: 917-92. 2. WANG Pingfu, LUO Yingtao, GONG Zhen, et al. Analysis on calcining technologies for pot calciner in China, Carbon Techniques, 2009, 28(5): 31−37. 3. ZHOU Shanhong, SUN Yi, LIU …
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(PDF) EProduction and Application of Calcined …
Vertical shaft furnace for calcination is quite different from rotary kiln for calcination in the principle of calcination process, calcined coke quality, product availability, production capacity ...
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The New Generation of Vertical Shaft Calciner Technology
The vertical shaft calciner has been widely applied in China for CPC calcination. Its application, however, is restricted by its lower capacity, less automation and no waste heat recuperation. A new generation of energy saving shaft calciner technology with higher capacity and power generation system has been developed recently and …
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Optimisation of combustion and technology process in a vertical shaft kiln
6.1. In a vertical (shaft) kiln, the dolomite, as it. flows downward by gravity, passes through. three operating zones: (1) preheating, (2) reaction and (3) cooling zone. The preheating. zone is ...
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Calcination of Limestone – IspatGuru
Shaft kilns constitute majority of all the kilns presently being used for the production of lime. The types of shaft kilns are (i) mixed feed shaft kiln (MFSK), (ii) parallel flow regenerative kiln (PFRK), (iii) annular shaft kiln (ASK), and (iv) other kilns. Shaft kilns are vertical in design, upto 30 m (metres) in height and with a diameter ...
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Evaluation and analysis of exergoeconomic performance for …
Evaluation and analysis of exergoeconomic performance for the calcination process of green petroleum coke in vertical shaft kiln January 2021 Thermal Science …
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Calcined Kiln Analysis and Proximate Simulation of High …
Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) is produced from calcined coke technology by heating coke to a high temperature of 550-1,150 °C using a rotary kiln or vertical shaft kiln. …
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(PDF) A synergy model of material and energy flow analysis …
Although t he traditional vertical shaft kilns are still commonly employed in China [4], the rotary kiln has become widely adop ted for the calcination process, due to its high level of automation
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Lime Shaft Kilns
As with the PFR kiln, the kiln charge consists of crushed and screened limestone or dolomite. The grain sizes are typically 40 to 80 mm or smaller. The kiln shafts are also completely filled with the material to be processed but the kiln charge passes the lime kiln at a higher speed - typically two meters per hour.
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