Recovery of gold as by-product from the base-metals industries
Introduction. Although most of the gold produced each year originates from primary gold ores or concentrates, a significant amount of gold is recovered as by-product from the production of base metals and from the recycling of scrap. From a current gold world production of approximately 2,600 tonnes, about 10% is recovered as a by-product ...
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23.2: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy
Step 2: Conversion of Fe sulfide ores to Fe oxides through roasting (e.g., roasting of Chalcopyrite ore ) 2CuFeS)2 + 3O)2 Δ 2FeO + 2CuS + 2SO2. Step 3: Smelting: mixing with coke/charcoal and heated …
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Lead and Zinc
Complex ores are also the source of byproduct metals such as bismuth, antimony, silver, copper, and gold. The most common lead-ore mineral is galena, or lead sulfide (PbS). Another ore mineral in which lead is found combined with sulfur is anglesite or lead sulfate (PbSO4). Cerussite (PbCO3) is a mineral that is a carbonate of lead. All three ...
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Smelting: Types, Process, Uses, Challenge, Effect
Smelting is the method of extracting a metal, either as an element or as a simple compound, from its ore by heating it above its melting point, usually in the presence of oxidizing agents such as air or reducing agents such as coke. The method was developed in the Middle East around 5000 BCE, when the first metal, copper, was …
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Matte | Smelting, Refining, Alloying | Britannica
matte smelting. matte, crude mixture of molten sulfides formed as an intermediate product of the smelting of sulfide ores of metals, especially copper, nickel, and lead. Instead of being smelted directly to metal, copper ores are usually smelted to matte, preferably containing 40–45 percent copper along with iron and sulfur, which is then ...
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12.3 Primary Copper Smelting
A typical pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, as illustrated in Figure 12.3-1, includes 4 steps: roasting, smelting, concentrating, and fire refining. Ore concentration …
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Smelting
Smelting basics . The 7 metals that were known in ancient times (mercury, tin, lead, copper, silver, gold, and iron) can in principle be smelted through similar chemical reactions from their ores: Mercury Oxide Cassiterite Minium Silver oxide Cuprite Hematite. Different ores require different reactions at different temperatures, but almost always the …
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Copper Smelting Chemistry Tutorial
Copper can be extracted from sulfide ores (usually higher grade ores) by direct smelting. The earliest evidence of copper smelting occurs in Serbian artefacts dating from around …
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Copper processing
Copper processing - Roasting, Smelting, Converting: Once a concentrate has been produced containing copper and other metals of value (such as gold and silver), the next step is to remove impurity elements. In older processes the concentrate, containing between 5 and 10 percent water, is first roasted in a cylindrical, refractory-lined furnace of …
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BEHAVIOR OF COPPER AND SULFUR DURING HIGH …
ores with gaseous and lump elemental sulfur in the conditions of liquid-phase smelting in a Vanyukov furnace at temperatures of 1300 and 1350°C was studied in [6]. Feeding lump sulfur onto the melt surface did not lead to the formation of the sulfide phase. Blowing sulfur vapor in an amount of up to 20% of the mass of starting ore
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Zinc Ore
Due to the lower melting and boiling points of zinc at approximately 420°C (788°F) and 907°C (1665°F), respectively, zinc smelting and converting are conducted at lower temperatures than those of copper, noting that the copper has a melting point at 1085°C (1985°F) and copper concentrate does not melt even at a temperature as high as …
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Iron processing | Definition, History, Steps, Uses, & Facts
iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting. Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive magnetic properties.
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Behavior of Copper and Sulfur During High-Temperature
The article presents the results of experimental sulfidization of smelt and converter slags of copper smelting production using granular elemental sulfur at a temperature of 1300 °C in an inert atmosphere without hydrocarbon or metal reducing agents. The distribution of sulfur over products and the behavior of copper are …
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Copper Smelting
The smelting process typically produces less than 3 tons of solid waste per ton of copper produced. Pollution Prevention and Control. Process gas streams containing sulfur dioxide are processed to produce sulfuric acid, liquid sulfur dioxide, or sulfur. The smelting furnace will gen- erate process gas streams with SO. 2.
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Features and Flotation of Complex Cu-Pb-Zn Sulphides
Abstract. Problems arising during flotation of complex Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide ores are in general of geological origin. The features of these ores are reviewed, stressing that mineralogical studies extending to process mineralogy are prerequisite for a consistent flotation process. Some examples affecting flotation are given.
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Copper Smelting Chemistry Tutorial
A typical copper ore contains between 0.5% and 2.0% copper. A high grade ore produces a high yield of metal. A low grade order produces a low yield of metal. Copper can be extracted from sulfide ores (usually higher grade ores) by direct smelting. The earliest evidence of copper smelting occurs in Serbian artefacts dating from around 5000 BC.
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Copper Metallurgy | SpringerLink
Pyrometallurgical Copper Making. The main raw material is copper sulfide ore, and high-grade copper oxide ore can also be smelted in the pyrometallurgical process. The mining grade of copper sulfide is 0.3–2%, and the average mining grade is approximately 0.81%. The mined ore is crushed and pulverized.
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12.6 Primary Lead Smelting
12.6 Primary Lead Smelting. 12.6.1 General15. Lead is found naturally as a sulfide ore containing small amounts of copper, iron, zinc, precious metals, and other trace elements. The lead in this ore, typically after being concentrated at or near the mine (see Section …
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List of copper ores
Following is a list of minerals that serve as copper ores in the copper mining process: Image Name Formula % Copper when pure Chalcopyrite: CuFeS 2: 34.5 Chalcocite: Cu 2 S: 79.8 Covellite: CuS: 66.5 Bornite: 2Cu 2 S·CuS·FeS 63.3 Tetrahedrite: Cu 3 SbS 3 + x(Fe,Zn) 6 Sb 2 S 9: 32–45 Digenite: Cu 9 S 5: 78.1
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Gold Smelting & Refining Process
The last product is characterized for containing small amounts of gold and silver. The treatment of these products depends on the metallurgical extractive process of lead and copper. Gold Smelting Equipment. It has been shown that concentrates obtained by gravity devices and cathodes can be smelted directly most the time.
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Lead processing | Smelting, Refining & Uses
Lead processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Lead (Pb) is one of the oldest metals known, being one of seven metals used in the ancient world (the others are …
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Copper (Cu) Ore | Minerals, Occurrence » Geology Science
Covellite: Covellite (CuS) is a copper sulfide mineral that is usually found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.It has a characteristic indigo-blue color and is often associated with other secondary copper minerals. Tetrahedrite: Tetrahedrite ((Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13) is a complex copper ore mineral that contains antimony as well. It is …
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Revenue Calculations and Marketing
Copper (P.C. Wilson and C. Chanroux) Diamonds (The AusIMM) 337 340 Gold and Silver (M. Cotton) Industrial Minerals (7:A.E. Breen) 340 342 Iron Ore (I. McDonald) Lead (P.C. Wilson and C. Chanroux) 344 346 Lithium (M. Haigh) Magnesite (A. Vogel) 348 350 ... NSR = net smelter return, which is the payment received by the mine after the smelter ...
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Copper extraction
The average grade of copper ores in the 21st century is below 0.6% copper, with a proportion of economic ore minerals being less than 2% of the total volume of the ore rock. Thus, all mining operations, ... ISASMELT technology has been applied to lead, copper, and nickel smelting. As of 2021, 22 plants were in operation in eleven countries ...
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23.2: Pyrometallurgy
Examination of the Ellingham diagram shown in Figure (PageIndex{2}) illustrates why the metals known to the ancients were mainly those such as copper and lead, which can be obtained by smelting at the relatively low temperatures that were obtainable by the methods available at the time in which a charcoal fire supplied both the heat and the …
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Hazard Awareness Bulletin Copper Smelting and …
Copper Ore / Minerals Copper is predominantly produced by reducing the metal content of mined and processed ores using smelting methods, as although elemental copper unusually can occur in nature, it is extremely rare. Most of mineral ores mined for their copper content are Copper sulphide minerals, with the remaining minerals ores being …
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Copper Smelting
The smelting process typically produces less than 3 tons of solid waste per ton of copper produced. Pollution Prevention and Control. Process gas streams containing sulfur …
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Solved 1. Does (Eq. 1) of the smelting process of the Copper …
Chemical Engineering questions and answers. 1. Does (Eq. 1) of the smelting process of the Copper Ore Malachite involve a Reduction of the Copper? Justify your answer by explicit assignment of the Oxidation States of the Copper. What about (Eq. 2). Cu,CO (OH)2 (Malachite) 2 CuO + CO2 + H2O (Eq. 1) CuO + CO Cu + CO2 (1100°C) (Eq.
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Copper Smelting, …
2 FeO(l) + SiO 2(g) = 2 FeO ⋅ SiO 2(l) (2) Deep understanding of the main parameters, influencing the copper smelting process, is essential for the develop-ment of a reliable …
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Silver (Ag) Ore | Minerals, Formation, Occurrence, Deposits
Silver ore refers to natural deposits of silver-containing minerals that are mined and processed to extract silver metal. Silver is a precious metal known for its lustrous appearance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and various industrial, technological, and ornamental uses. Silver has a long history of human use, dating back to ancient …
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