Antimony
Antimony. A native element, antimony metal is extracted primarily from stibnite, which contains 72 percent antimony and 28 percent sulfur. Stibnite is mined in only a few countries, with China being its largest …
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One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium Carbonate – Sodium Chloride binary molten salt" by Ye Longgang et al. ... which involves the smelting of stibnite in a binary NaCl-Na2CO3 salt with sulfur-fixing and the addition of a reductant, has been proposed as a clean method for Sb ...
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The exposure to and health effects of antimony
INTRODUCTION. Antimony (Sb) (atomic number 51; atomic mass 121.75 g/mol; density 6.684 g/cm 3; melting point 631°C) occurs naturally as a sulphide ore, stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) and valentinite (Sb 2 0 3).The traditional method of treating the ore is to roast it with charcoal or coke and collect the volatile oxide fume (Sb 4 O 6) from which pure …
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One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite …
In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the smelting temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to 850–900 °C (1123–1173 K).
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Antimony mobility during the early stages of stibnite …
Several minerals of antimony exist; nevertheless, stibnite (Sb2S3) is the primary mineral. Extractive metallurgical routes such as pyro and hydro-metallurgy have found industrial applications for ...
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Study on the reducing-matting-smelting of stibnite concentrate …
The addition of soda and sodium sulfate is 15% and 72.6%, respectively, to the amount of stibnite concentrate when the total amount of sodium is 30%. The reducing-matting smelting is conducted at ...
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MIT's accidental smelting discovery unlocks the potential of antimony
While societies from thousands of years ago used it in the form of stibnite for decoration, in modern times it is used to make semiconductor devices, batteries, low-friction metals, cable sheathing and flame-proofing materials, paint, ceramic enamels, glass and pottery. The traditional method of producing antimony metal is through heat smelting.
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Development of Antimony Smelting Technology in China
Materials Science, Chemistry. 2014. Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the antimonial dust is reported.…. Expand. 33. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Development of Antimony Smelting Technology in …
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Cleaning of high antimony smelting slag from an oxygen
Extractive metallurgy of antimony from stibnite is mainly achieved through pyrometallurgical processes [1–3].The traditional commercial route involves roasting of concentrate, volatilization of antimony trioxide in a blast furnace and carbon-based reduction of antimony trioxide to metallic antimony in a reverberatory furnace.
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Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by
Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by Electrothermal Volatilization. Dongbo Li and Xiaohua Yang. Abstract A new pyrometallurgical process to extract antimony from …
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Production of antimony by directly reducing-matting smelting of
A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent ...
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Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by …
In this paper, the author aimed at the problems existing in the molten pool volatile melting process, on the basis of theory analysis combined with the melting …
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Separation of Antimony from a Stibnite Concentrate …
The commercial route for the extraction of antimony from its sulfide mineral stibnite at Xikuangshan is a pyrochemical process (1423 K to 1623 K [1150 °C to 1350 …
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Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by …
A new pyrometallurgical process to extract antimony from stibnite concentrate was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis of extraction process was conducted. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, the influence of volatilization temperature, volatilization time, blowing oxygen, low melting point slagging on the volatilization rate of antimony and the …
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Investigation into Oxygen-Enriched Bottom-Blown Stibnite …
The direct oxidation of stibnite (Sb2S3) using a gas mixture of nitrogen-oxygen was investigated in a pilot plant. Steady-state pilot operation of 5 and 10 t/d was normally observed during the pilot test of 100 days, and a cleaning experiment of high-antimony molten slag from oxygen-enriched bottom-blown was tested by direct …
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DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMONY SMELTING TECHNOLOGY …
The Chinese antimony mineral resources are mainly existed in the form of three types, such as stibnite, antimony-gold ores and jamesonite. The antimonial dust that produced from lead smelting process is an important secondary antimony resource. The different process that was adopted to extract antimony depends on the different raw materials.
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One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite …
A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent ...
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Cleaning of high antimony smelting slag from an oxygen …
AbstractCleaning of high antimony smelting slag from an oxygen-enriched bottom-blown was tested by direct reduction in a laboratory-scale electric furnace. The effects of added CaO, mass ratio of coal (experimental) to coal (theoretical) (ω) and the slag type on the reduction procedure were considered. The contents of Sb and Au were investigated. …
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Production of antimony by directly reducing-matting smelting …
The results show that the optimum conditions are that the reducing-matting smelting is carried out at (1 100 ℃) for 2 h, then the smelting temperature raise to 1 200 ℃ for 50 min. The amount of pyrite cinder is 1.2 times of its theoretical amount, the addition amount of soda and sodium sulfate is 5% and 24.2% to the amount of stibnite ...
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Production of antimony by directly reducing-matting …
In order to eliminate the serious environment pollution of the low concentration sulfur dioxide smoke produced commonly in our antimony smelters, the …
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Antimony: Unveiling Its Uses, Properties, and Health Impacts
Smelting: The roasted antimony concentrate is further processed through smelting. During smelting, the antimony oxide is heated with a reducing agent, such as iron or carbon, ... It is commonly found in the form of antimony ore, particularly in a mineral called stibnite. Antimony compounds, such as antimony trioxide, antimony sulfide, ...
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Separation of Antimony from a Stibnite Concentrate …
The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low-temperature sulfur-fixing smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, smelting temperature, smelting duration …
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Separation antimony from stibnite concentrate through a
Separation antimony from stibnite concentrate through a low temperature smelting. September 2012. Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of …
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(PDF) Antimony speciation and contamination of waters …
As the world's biggest manufacturer of antimony, huge amounts of antimony dusts are introduced into the surrounding atmosphere of Xikuangshan during the mining and smelting processes. Most local workers in the mines are observed to come into contact with stibnite ore and airborne antimony extensively through both inhalation and derma …
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Equilibrium mass-dependent isotope fractionation of antimony …
Environmental mobility of antimony around mesothermal stibnite deposits, New South Wales, Australia and southern New Zealand. J. Geochem. Explor. (2003) T.-L ... The loss and enrichment of heavy isotopes in the 0–10 cm and 10–25 cm layers of the antimony from smelting source in the polluted soil profile may be controlled by the …
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Technological trends, emerging applications and metallurgical
The Sb recovery in this one step smelting process reached 92.88% with lower energy consumption and elimination of SO 2, since the sulfur was fixed to Zn to form ZnS (Ye et al ... Gök (2014) reported direct alkaline leaching of antimony from stibnite ore concentrate. 90% of Sb leaching was reached using a mixture of hydroquinone (HQ or C …
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A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from …
Yang et al. proposed a "pollution-free" process to separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate via smelting at a low temperature using a sulfur-fixing flux, ZnO. …
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One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature …
Flow sheet of reductive sulfur-fixing smelting of stibnite concentrate for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials Stibnite concentrate used in this study obtained from Chenzhou Mining Group Co., LTD., Huaihua, Hunan, China. Powdered Fe2O3, Na2CO3 and NaCl with >99.99% purity were …
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A novel production method of antimony trioxide from stibnite
The effects of technical conditions such as smelting temperature, smelting time, Pyrite cinder addition and the amount of additive on the smelting of stibnite concentrate have been ...
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Reaction Behaviors of Associated Minerals in …
The molten salt metallurgy of Sb, which involves the smelting of stibnite in a binary NaCl-Na2CO3 salt with sulfur-fixing and the addition of a reductant, has been proposed as a clean method for Sb extraction. However, the …
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